PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Australia
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian										298.9
				Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian										303.7
				Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian										307
				Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian										323.2
				Visean		Middle Mississippian										330.9
				Tournaisian		Early Mississippian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
				Pragian												407.6
				Lochkovian												410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
			Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian						427.4
				Homerian						Whitwellian						429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian												430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
				Aeronian												438.5
				Rhuddanian												440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian			Bolindian	443.8
				Katian								Rawtheyan				445.2
												Cautleyan				448.9 *
												Cautleyan			Eastonian	449 *
												Pusgillian				449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
												Cheneyan				451.5 *
												Cheneyan			Gisbornian	452 *
												Burrellian				452.7 *
				Sandbian												453
													Actonian †			453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
												Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian	458.4
				Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Darriwilian	461.3 *
				Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Yapeenian	467.3
											Arenig	Fennian			Yapeenian	468.4 *
															Castlemainian	468.5 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian											Chewtonian	470
												Whitlandian			Chewtonian	471.1 *
															Bendigonian	471.8 *
															Lancefieldian	473.5 *
												Moridunian				474.3 *
				Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
												Cressagian				480.8 *
												Cressagian			Warendian	482.8 *
															Warendian	485 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
				Stage 10				Sunwaptan								487.5
				Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan								489.5
				Jiangshanian				Steptoean								493 *
				Paibian				Steptoean								494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian			Marjumian	Albertian †							497
				Drumian				Marjumian								500.5
				Wuliuan				Topazan								504.5
				Wuliuan				Delamaran								506.5
			Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian			Delamaran	Waucoban †							509
				Stage 4				Dyeran								511 *
				Stage 3				Dyeran								514
Montezuman	514.8 *
Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian									538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
																1400