PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian	Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
							538.8