PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of North America	Silurian of England		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean											Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean											Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian											Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian											Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian											Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian											Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian											Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian											Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian					283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
				Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
				Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
			Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
					Adavere	434 *
						436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
			Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Marjumian	Albertian †		Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian	Delamaran	Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4					Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran					514
							Montezuman					514.8 *
							Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8