PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of Western Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian				Pannonian						7.246
		Serravallian				Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				168.2
		Bajocian							Humphresianum			168.4
		Aalenian						Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian						Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Sinemurian						Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian						Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian							283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
		Asselian								Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Kuzel		298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	307								Cantabrian
			Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
				Westphalian C			309.8
				Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B		315.2
				Westphalian A		317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Alportian		322 *
				Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian		323.2
				Arnsbergian		324 *
				Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian	489.5
							Aksaian		490.7 *
							Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian	Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	Mindyallan	497
								Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
								Boomerangian		499
								Boomerangian		499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian	Undillan		500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Templetonian		504.5
								Templetonian		505.3
								Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian			Branchian	509
							Toyonian			510 *
							Toyonian	510.8 *
							Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian	514
							Atdabanian	515.6 *
							Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian		521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
												538.8