PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of North America						European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian								MN 17					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								MN 16					2.58
		Piacenzian								MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean								MN 15					3.6
										MN 14					4.2
										MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13					5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12					7.246
										MN 11					7.75
										MN 10					8.7
										MN 9					9.7
										MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian								MN 7 + 8					11.63
		Serravallian								MN 6					12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian								MN 4					15.98
										MN 3					16.9
										MN 2					20
		Aquitanian								MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
					Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
					Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian				450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian				453
					Turinian				453.7 *
					Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
						Dobrotivian						458.5 *
						Oretanian						459.7 *
							Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †					467.3
						Arenigian						468
					Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
					Stairsian								480.3 *
					Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian	Late Cambrian								485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian								497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8