PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian										MN 17				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										MN 16				2.58
		Piacenzian										MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean										MN 15				3.6
												MN 14				4.2
												MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										MN 13				5.333
		Tortonian										MN 12				7.246
												MN 11				7.75
												MN 10				8.7
												MN 9				9.7
												MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian										MN 7 + 8				11.63
		Serravallian										MN 6				12.8 *
		Langhian										MN 5				13.82
		Burdigalian										MN 4				15.98
												MN 3				16.9
												MN 2				20
		Aquitanian										MN 2				20.44
		Aquitanian										MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
		Telychian		Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian				443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
				Dobrotivian							458.5 *
				Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian							470
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian							477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian			489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian								Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian										Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan										Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian								Amgan/Solvan			509
												Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
												Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian			514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian			521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Manykaian †									Nemakit-Daldynian	529
																538.8