PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Permian	Cisuralian	Asselian		Bursumian †					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Moscovian		Atokan		Middle Pennsylvanian			312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan		Early Pennsylvanian			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean		Chesterian		Middle Mississippian			330.9
				Meramecian					335.8 *
				Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean		Early Mississippian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian		Early Mississippian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian				358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian				372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian				382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian				410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian					Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
									538.8