PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian									0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean									2.58
		Zanclean						Yushean									3.6
		Zanclean						Baodean									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian						Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian						Tunggurian									11.63
		Langhian						Shanwangian									13.82
		Burdigalian						Shanwangian									15.98
		Burdigalian						Xiejiaan									16.9
		Aquitanian						Xiejiaan									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian													264.9 *
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian													276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian												Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian													287.6 *
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian												485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian												497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian												Branchian	509
		Stage 3													Branchian	514
		Stage 3													Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8