PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of China	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian		100.5
													Middle Albian		106.2 *
													Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian									Late Aptian		113
				Aptian									Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian									Late Berriasian		139.8
													Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
													Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian									Late Bajocian		168.2
				Bajocian									Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian		174.7
													Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
													Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian									Sevatian		208.5
													Alaunian		213.2 *
													Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian									Tuvalian		227
				Carnian									Julian		233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian		237
				Ladinian									Fassanian		239.7 *
				Anisian									Illyrian		242
													Pelsonian		243.8 *
													Bithynian		244.7 *
													Aegean		245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Spathian		247.2
				Olenekian									Smithian		248.9 *
				Induan									Dienerian		251.2
													Griesbachian		251.4 *
						Kathwai							Griesbachian		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai									251.902
															252.4 *
						Chhidru									252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Chhidru									254.14
						Kalabagh									255 *
						Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
															265.3 *
						Amb									266.1 *
				Roadian		Amb									266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju		Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg						473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian				477.7
	Varangu						481.3 *
	Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian			485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian			497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian	509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
			Tonian								Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
															1400