PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
				Wuchiapingian				Zechstein		Longtanian †						254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †						256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian	Rotliegendes								259.51
				Wordian			Urzhumian									264.28
				Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
				Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
							Filipovian									276.5 *
							Saraninian									280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian				358.9
							Middle Famennian				365.3 *
							Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian				372.2
							Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
							Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian				382.7
							Middle Givetian				383.7 *
							Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian		Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Topazan		504.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian							Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran			514
										Montezuman			514.8 *
										Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
		Ectasian													1200
		Calymmian													1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
		Orosirian													1800
		Rhyacian													2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																4600