PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of France	Ten Million Year Bins	Precambrian of Russia	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian					Pannonian						7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian		Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian						12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Bartonian							Cenozoic 3		MP 16		37.71
				Lutetian							Cenozoic 2		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Ypresian							Cenozoic 2		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian							Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian							Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian							Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian							Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian							Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian							Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian							Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras									168.2
				Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
				Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
						Planulata									179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
						Kanense									181.3 *
						Carlottense									182.3 *
						Kunae									183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Kunae					Jurassic 2				184.2
						Freboldi									185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
				Sinemurian							Jurassic 1				192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
				Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian							Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian							Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2				237
Anisian			Middle Triassic	242							Triassic 2
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien					408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian				Cambrian 5	485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian				Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian						Cambrian 4	500.5
			Wuliuan						Cambrian 3	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian				Cambrian 3	509
		Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					1200				Yurmatian
		Ectasian					Burzyan				1375
															1400