PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian Subages of Germany	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian			100.5
										Middle Albian			106.2 *
										Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian			113
		Aptian								Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian			139.8
										Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
										Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							Late Bajocian			168.2
				Humphresianum						Late Bajocian			168.4
				Humphresianum						Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						Late Toarcian			174.7
										Late Toarcian			180.1
										Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							Middle Toarcian			182
			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian								Sevatian			208.5
										Alaunian			213.2 *
										Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian								Tuvalian			227
		Carnian								Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian			237
		Ladinian								Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian			242
										Pelsonian			243.8 *
										Bithynian			244.7 *
										Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian								Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan								Dienerian			251.2
										Griesbachian			251.4 *
										Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein			Kathwai	251.902
													252.4 *
												Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian										Chhidru	254.14
												Kalabagh	255 *
												Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian							Leine				264.28
													265.3 *
												Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			266.9							Amb
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
				Vormsi			449.6 *
				Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
				Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
			Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku				458.4
			Lasnamagi				458.9 *
			Aseri				460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
				Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
				Varangu				481.3 *
				Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort		Late Cambrian			485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
													538.8