PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6												0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian		Cenozoic 5												11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3												33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3												37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2												41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1												56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8												66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7												72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6												83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4												100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3												113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2												121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2												125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1												132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6												145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5												149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4												165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4												168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3												174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2												184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1												192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4												201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4												208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian		Permian 3												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2												273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian		Permian 1												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5												298.9
Kasimovian				303.7		Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian					425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
			Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Harju		Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
								Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
								Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere				450.6 *
								Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Keila			Idavere †	453
								Haljala				453.9
								Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Kukruse						456.4 *
								Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
										Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
								Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
								Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
						Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Klabava †					467.3
									Arenigian						468
								Billingen							469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg							473.7 *
	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	Tremadocian				Hunneberg		477.7
								Varangu		481.3 *
								Pakerort		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian	Cambrian 5				Pakerort			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian														Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian	Cambrian 4							Marjumian					Albertian †	497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4							Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3							Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian								Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2							Dyeran						514
											Montezuman						514.8 *
											Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau												800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau												1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian												1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian												1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan												1375
																		1400