PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean		Late Pliocene								2.58
		Zanclean		Yushean		Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean		Baodean		Early Pliocene								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian									7.246
		Tortonian		Tunggurian	Pannonian									11.1
		Serravallian			Sarmatian	Middle Miocene								11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian									12.8 *
		Langhian		Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian		Shanwangian		Early Miocene								15.98
		Burdigalian		Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian		Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian										Wordian		264.28
		Roadian										Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian											Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian											Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian	290.1										Lenoxian
		Asselian	Nealian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian			372.2
					Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
					Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian					477.7
														485.4