PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian				Tarantian	0.0117
				Chibanian						Ionian	0.129
				Calabrian							0.774
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean					2.58
				Zanclean		Yushean					3.6
				Zanclean		Baodean					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian		Tunggurian					11.1
				Serravallian		Tunggurian					11.63
				Langhian		Shanwangian					13.82
				Burdigalian		Shanwangian					15.98
				Burdigalian		Xiejiaan					16.9
				Aquitanian		Xiejiaan					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian	Dorashamian		251.902
				Changhsingian				Baoqingian	Dorashamian		253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Dzhulfian		254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	Dzhulfian		257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan	Midian		259.51
				Wordian				Kuhfengian	Midian		264.28
				Wordian					Murgabian		266.2 *
Roadian				266.9					Murgabian
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian	Kubergandian		273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian				283.5
				Longlinian			285.4 *
					Yakhtashian		286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Mapingian †			298.9
			Gzhelian					300.1
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Kasimovian					305.9
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean						3600
Hadean				4000
											4600