PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Britain			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Permian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Tarantian		0.0117
				Chibanian											Ionian		0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian		MN 17											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16		Tertiary †									2.58
				Piacenzian		MN 15											3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15											3.6
						MN 14											4.2
						MN 13											4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13											5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12											7.246
						MN 11											7.75
						MN 10											8.7
						MN 9											9.7
						MN 7 + 8											11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8											11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6											12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5											13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4											15.98
						MN 3											16.9
						MN 2											20
				Aquitanian		MN 2											20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1											22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Meishanian	251.902
				Changhsingian												Baoqingian	253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Laoshanian		254.14
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Laibinian		257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
			Roadian		Kuhfengian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian		Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian				300.1
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Srbsko		382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Chotec		387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Chotec		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
	Moridunian								474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc					Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																	1400