PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of China			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
				Bartonian						MP 16					37.71
				Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
				Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5				56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian									Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian									Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian									Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian									Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian									Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian									Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian									Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Chesterian		323.2
				Visean									Chesterian		330.9
													Meramecian		335.8 *
													Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian									Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian									Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian										365.3 *
					Early Famennian										368.5 *
Frasnian				Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian				485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian				497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian				509
	Stage 3	Series 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400