PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of China	Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian					MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					MN 16						2.58
		Piacenzian					MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean					MN 15						3.6
							MN 14						4.2
							MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian					MN 12					Pannonian	7.246
							MN 11						7.75
							MN 10						8.7
							MN 9						9.7
							MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5	MN 7 + 8					Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian					MN 6					Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian					MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian					MN 4						15.98
							MN 3						16.9
							MN 2						20
		Aquitanian					MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian					MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2			Triassic 1
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
						Xiaodushanian		300 *
								300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
						Huashibanian		318.5 *
						Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	Late Mississippian		330.8 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	Middle Mississippian		335 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
				Middle Famennian					365.3 *
				Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
				Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
				Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
				Middle Givetian						383.7 *
				Early Givetian						385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian			Southwoodian			387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian			Southwoodian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian						410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian					Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian					Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan								Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian					Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
													538.8