PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan								150
							Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian			Warepan								208.5
							Otamitan								217
							Oretian								221
				Carnian			Oretian								227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian			Etalian								238
				Anisian			Etalian								242
				Anisian			Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
				Induan			Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan		DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan								251.902
				Changhsingian			Waiitian								253.2
				Wuchiapingian			Waiitian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan								254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian								259.51
				Wordian			Flettian								264.28
				Wordian			Barettian								266
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Kungurian			Mangapirian								276
				Artinskian			Mangapirian								283.5
							Telfordian								285
															288.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
				Visean											330.9
				Tournaisian											346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian										365.3 *
					Early Famennian										368.5 *
				Frasnian	Late Frasnian									Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian										375.4 *
					Early Frasnian										379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian									Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian										383.7 *
					Early Givetian										385.9 *
				Eifelian	Late Eifelian									Eifelian	387.7
				Eifelian	Early Eifelian									Eifelian	390.3 *
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian									Emsian	393.3
Early Emsian				Emsian	398.3 *									Emsian
Pragian				Pragian	Siegen			407.6
Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
			Tremadocian						477.7
			Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10						Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian						Iverian				489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian						Idamean				494
			Paibian						Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
	Boomerangian								499	Ayusokkanian
	Boomerangian								Mayan/Menevian	499.5
	Drumian		Undillan							500.5
	Drumian		Floran							503
	Wuliuan		Templetonian						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Wuliuan		Ordian							507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
									Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
									Toyonian		510.8 *
									Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian									Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau		1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan		1375
															1400