PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian							2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian							3
				Zanclean			Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
							Clifdenian							15.1
						Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
							Duntroonian							25.2
							Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
						Arnold	Runangan							34.6
							Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan			MP 16				37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian			MP 16				39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
							Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
							Mangaorapan							48.9
							Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean							90.5
							Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
							Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan							100.5
							Urutawan							103.3
						Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian			Korangan							113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			Bursumian †		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian			298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian			303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian			307
			Moscovian		Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan			315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan			318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian			323.2
			Visean		Chesterian			330.9
					Meramecian			335.8 *
					Osagean			343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean			346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian			351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian				358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian				372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian				382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian				387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian				390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian				393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian				398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian				410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	430.5			Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
Steptoean			Jiangshanian						493 *
Steptoean			Paibian						494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian				Albertian †		497
		Drumian	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran						506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran				Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran						514
			Montezuman			514.8 *
			Begadean			519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2				521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †		Poundian †			Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran					Vendian †		Wonokan †			Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400