PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Zones	Silurian of England		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan		MN 17				1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian		MN 17				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian		MN 16				2.58
							Waipipian		MN 16				3
									MN 15				3.2
				Zanclean									3.6
							Opoitian						3.7
									MN 14				4.2
									MN 13				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian					MN 12				7.246
									MN 11				7.75
									MN 10				8.7
									MN 9				9.7
						Southland	Waiauan		MN 9				11.04
									MN 7 + 8				11.1
				Serravallian					MN 7 + 8				11.63
									MN 6				12.8 *
							Lillburnian		MN 6				13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian		MN 5				13.82
							Clifdenian						15.1
						Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian					MN 4				15.98
									MN 3				16.9
							Otaian		MN 3				18.7
									MN 2				20
				Aquitanian									20.44
						Landon	Waitakian						21.7
									MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
							Duntroonian						25.2
							Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
						Arnold	Runangan						34.6
							Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
							Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan						47.8
							Mangaorapan						48.9
							Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian						56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian					Senonian	66
				Campanian			Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
							Mangaotanean						90.5
							Arowhanan						93.7
Cenomanian				93.9			Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan	Gallic	100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian			Neocomian	125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
			Induan				251.2
			Induan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
								252.4 *
							Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	254.14
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian				Amb	266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4					Buildwas
			Homerian	Wych		Woolhope		428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
			Aeronian	Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
			Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
Paibian			494						Steptoean
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian					Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran					Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Montezuman					Placentian		517.1
			Begadean				519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2					521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000
		Ectasian									1200
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
													4600