PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia		Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran													0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian								Middle Pleistocene					0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian								Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan													1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan													1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian													2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian								Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian								Late Pliocene					3
		Zanclean			Waipipian								Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian								Early Pliocene					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean								Late Miocene					5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan													7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan													7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan													11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan								Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian													13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian													13.82
					Clifdenian													15.1
				Pareora	Altonian													15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian								Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian													18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian													20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian													21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian								Late Oligocene			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
					Duntroonian													25.2
					Whaingaroan													27.3
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan													34.6
					Kaiatan													36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan								Middle Eocene			MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian											MP 16		39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian											MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
					Heretaungan													45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan								Early Eocene			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
					Mangaorapan													48.9
					Waipawan													52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian								Late Paleocene			MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian													66
		Campanian			Haumurian													72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan													83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
					Mangaotanean													90.5
					Arowhanan													93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan													93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
					Motuan													99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan													100.5
					Urutawan													103.3
				Taitai	Korangan													108.4
		Aptian			Korangan													113
		Aptian																117.5
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian		303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian		318.5 *
				Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian		330.9
		Visean		Jiusian		335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian			358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian			372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian	Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dobrotivian						458.5 *
			Oretanian						459.7 *
					Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian						470
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian						Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean						Taoyuanian †		Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian			489.5
											Aksaian	Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian	Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian	Paibian												494
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
									Waergangian †/Youshuanian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian						Wangcunian †		Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Drumian								Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian	Drumian								Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian								Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian												505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian												509
											Toyonian	Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
											Botomian	Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian								Botomian	Botomian			514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian								Atdabanian	Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian								Tommotian	Tommotian			521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian											Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian										Manykaian †		530.7
																		538.8