PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan				56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
				Kasimovian								303.7
				Moscovian								307
				Bashkirian								315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
				Visean								330.9
				Tournaisian								346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian							358.9
					Middle Famennian							365.3 *
					Early Famennian							368.5 *
				Frasnian	Late Frasnian							372.2
					Middle Frasnian							375.4 *
					Early Frasnian							379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian							382.7
					Middle Givetian							383.7 *
					Early Givetian							385.9 *
Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
												635