PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian					0.0042
				Greenlandian					0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean		0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian		0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian		0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan		1.4
				Gelasian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
				Zanclean					3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian					5.333
				Tortonian					7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian		9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian		11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian		12.5
				Langhian					13.82
				Burdigalian					15.98
							Hemingfordian		16.3
							Arikareean		18.5
				Aquitanian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
				Rupelian					27.82
							Whitneyan		29.5
							Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian		33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean		37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan		41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian		47.8
							Wasatchian		50.5
							Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian		61.6
				Danian			Puercan		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian					72.1
				Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
				Aptian					113
				Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
				Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Oxfordian					154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian					168.2
				Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
				Pliensbachian					184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Chotec	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
									1400