International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleDevonian SubagesCambrian of West AvaloniaMammal Paleogene ZonesCambrian of ChinaOrdovician of Ibero-BohemiaEuropean Faunal ZonesPermian Subages of GermanyCenozoic SubepochsNeogene Mammal Ages of ChinaCambrian of North America
QuaternaryPleistoceneLate PleistoceneLate PleistoceneNihewanian0.0117
ChibanianMiddle Pleistocene0.129
CalabrianEarly Pleistocene0.774
GelasianMN 171.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianMN 16Late PlioceneYushean2.58
MN 153.2
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
MN 144.2
MN 13Baodean4.9
MioceneMessinianLate Miocene5.333
TortonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
MN 108.7
MN 99.7
MN 7 + 8Tunggurian11.1
SerravallianMiddle Miocene11.63
MN 612.8 *
LanghianMN 5Shanwangian13.82
BurdigalianMN 4Early Miocene15.98
MN 3Xiejiaan16.9
MN 220
Aquitanian20.44
MN 122.4
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 25Late Oligocene23.03
RupelianMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21Early Oligocene27.82
EocenePriabonianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17ALate Eocene33.9
BartonianMP 16Middle Eocene37.71
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
YpresianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7Early Eocene47.8
PaleoceneThanetianMP 6MP 1 - 5Late Paleocene56
SelandianMiddle Paleocene59.2
DanianEarly Paleocene61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianBuntsandstein251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianOhre/Aller259.51
WordianLeine264.28
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
Asselian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
Kasimovian303.7
Moscovian307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovian323.2
Visean330.9
Tournaisian346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianLate Famennian358.9
Middle Famennian365.3 *
Early Famennian368.5 *
FrasnianLate Frasnian372.2
Middle Frasnian375.4 *
Early Frasnian379.3 *
Middle DevonianGivetianLate Givetian382.7
Middle Givetian383.7 *
Early Givetian385.9 *
EifelianLate Eifelian387.7
Early Eifelian390.3 *
Early DevonianEmsianLate Emsian393.3
Early Emsian398.3 *
PragianPragian407.6
LochkovianLate Lochkovian410.8
Middle Lochkovian412.8 *
Early Lochkovian415.6 *
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianKosovian443.8
KatianKralodvorianBohdalec †445.2
Berounian449.7 *
Sandbian453
Zahorany †/ViniceLetna †456.2 *
Liben †458 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Dobrotivian458.5 *
Oretanian459.7 *
Sarka †461.7 *
DapingianKlabava †467.3
Arenigian468
Early OrdovicianFloian470
TremadocianTremadocian477.7
CambrianFurongianStage 10NiucheheanTaoyuanian †Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan485.4
Sunwaptan487.5
JiangshanianJiangshanian489.5
Steptoean493 *
PaibianPaibian494
Waergangian †/Youshuanian494.9 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianGuzhangianWangcunian †MarjumianAlbertian †497
Arcadian498.4
DrumianDrumian500.5
WuliuanWuliuan/TaijangianTopazan504.5
Delamaran506.5
Series 2Stage 4BranchianDuyunianWaucoban †509
Dyeran511 *
Stage 3Nangaoian514
Montezuman514.8 *
Placentian517.1
Begadean519.9 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Meishucunian521
Fortunian529
Jinnigian530.7
538.8