PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian		Mangapanian			2.58
						Villanyian		Waipipian			3
						Ruscinian					3.1 *
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
						Vallesian					8.7
						Vallesian	Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian				Astaracian		Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian		Altonian			15.98
						Orleanian		Otaian			18.7
						Agenian					20
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian			23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
								Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian			41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan			47.8
								Mangaorapan			48.9
								Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian			56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian						Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
								Mangaotanean			90.5
								Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan			93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
								Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan			100.5
								Urutawan			103.3
							Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian						Korangan			113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Midian	264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju			Porkuni		443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		445.2
						Vormsi		449.6 *
						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
			Viru			Rakvere			450.6 *
						Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian				Keila		Idavere †	453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku			458.4
						Lasnamagi			458.9 *
						Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland			Kunda			462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg				477.7
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort				485.4
						486.3 *
						486.5
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian				498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian				509
		Stage 3				Branchian				514
		Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8