PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Ordovician of China				Silurian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian												Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean												Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian											Pannonian	Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian											Pannonian	Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian											Sarmatian	Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian											Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian												Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian												Agenian	20
				Aquitanian												Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian								Bursumian †					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian					298.9
				Kasimovian								Missourian					303.7
				Kasimovian								Desmoinesian					305.9 *
				Moscovian								Desmoinesian					307
Atokan				Moscovian	312.7 *
Atokan				Bashkirian	315.2
Morrowan				Bashkirian	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
						Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †			443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †			445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian							470
	Tremadocian		Xinchangian			477.7
	Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Lianghekou †				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635