PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of China			Permian of North America	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian		3
		Zanclean									Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan		11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian		13.82
											Clifdenian		15.1
										Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian		23.03
											Duntroonian		25.2
											Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
										Arnold	Runangan		34.6
											Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian		41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
											Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan		47.8
											Mangaorapan		48.9
											Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian		56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian									Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
											Mangaotanean		90.5
											Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan		93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
											Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan		100.5
											Urutawan		103.3
										Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian									Korangan		113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Pragian				Pragian	Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian							Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian								477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian							Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	509
		Stage 3									Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8