PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of China			Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of North America		Ordovician of Britain				Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian														Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian														Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian														Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian														Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian														Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian														Waipipian				3
		Zanclean														Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean														Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian														Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian														Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian													Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian														Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian														Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian														Lillburnian				13.82
																Clifdenian				15.1
															Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian														Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian														Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian														Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian				23.03
																Duntroonian				25.2
																Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
															Arnold	Runangan				34.6
																Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian														Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian														Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian														Bortonian				41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
																Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian														Heretaungan				47.8
																Mangaorapan				48.9
																Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian				56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian														Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian														Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian													Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
																Mangaotanean				90.5
																Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian														Arowhanan				93.9
															Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
																Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Motuan				100.5
																Urutawan				103.3
															Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian														Korangan				113
		Aptian																		117.5
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Leine	264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian		365.3 *
					Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
					Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian		407.6
		Pragian			Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
			Alexandrian							438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
						Medinan			Clinton	440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian									Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
												Cautleyan			448.9 *
												Pusgillian			449.3 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									Pusgillian			449.5
											Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
												Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
												Cheneyan				451.5 *
												Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian														453
															Actonian †	453.2 *
															Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
															Longvillian †		455.2 *
																	Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Aurelucian							456.8 *
															Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
														Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
													Dobrotivian		458.5 *
													Oretanian		459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
														Sarka †				461.7 *
				Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							Sarka †				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian											Klabava †				467.3
													Arenigian					468
						Arenig					Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								Fennian							470
											Whitlandian							471.1 *
											Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Tremadoc					Migneintian		Tremadocian					477.7
							Lianghekou †				Migneintian							477.9 *
											Cressagian							480.8 *
																		485 *
																				485.4