PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan								56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan											Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian											Chhidru	254.14
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
													Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian										Urzhumian		264.28
																265.3 *
															Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian	Amb	266.9
				Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
														Filipovian		276.5 *
														Saraninian		280.1 *
				Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
														Irginian		285.9 *
														Burtsevian		287.8 *
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
				Asselian									Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
														Uskalykian		294.8
														Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian			300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian			303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian						307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
							Huashibanian		318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Middle Mississippian			Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Middle Mississippian			Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					358.9
				Middle Famennian					365.3 *
				Early Famennian					368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian					372.2
				Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
				Early Frasnian					379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian					382.7
				Middle Givetian					383.7 *
				Early Givetian					385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian					393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
				Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian			443.8
			Katian						Bolindian			445.2
									Eastonian			449 *
									Gisbornian			452 *
			Sandbian						Gisbornian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian						Yapeenian			467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian			470
									Bendigonian			471.8 *
									Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian						Lancefieldian			Ungurian	477.7
			Tremadocian						Warendian			Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian	489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian									Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian										499.5
			Drumian									Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian									Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan		504.5							Tuesaian
			Wuliuan			505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
					Toyonian	510 *
					Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian	514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	521
			Stage 2			525.5
			Fortunian			529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635