PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America
Permian	Guadalupian	Capitanian													Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian													Wordian					264.28
		Roadian													Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian														Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian														Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian													Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian														Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian														Nealian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Kasimovian																		303.7
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		323.2
		Visean																		330.9
		Tournaisian																		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian																	358.9
			Middle Famennian																	365.3 *
			Early Famennian																	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian																	372.2
			Middle Frasnian																	375.4 *
			Early Frasnian																	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian																	382.7
			Middle Givetian																	383.7 *
			Early Givetian																	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian																	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian																	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian																	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian																	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian																	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian																	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian																	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian																	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli																Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli																Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian																		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian																		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian																Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian																Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian																		438.5
																			Alexandrian	438.7 *
																	Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
																				440.7 *
		Rhuddanian																		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian											443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †				Gamachian											445.2
				Kralodvorian					Richmondian											446 *
				Berounian					Richmondian											449.7 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian										449.8 *
									Edenian											450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian											451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian											453
									Turinian											453.7 *
						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		Turinian											456.2 *
						Zahorany †/Vinice		Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor									457 *
					Liben †															458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian																		458.4
				Dobrotivian																458.5 *
				Oretanian																459.7 *
					Sarka †															461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †															467.3
				Arenigian																468
									Rangerian											469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian					Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																				538.8