PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of the Baltic		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan								56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian													Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian													Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian														Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian														Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian														Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian														Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian														Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian														Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian														Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														Chesterian		323.2
				Visean														Chesterian		330.9
																		Meramecian		335.8 *
																		Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian														Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian														Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian															365.3 *
					Early Famennian															368.5 *
Frasnian				Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan	Ohesaare		419.2
					Cayugan	Kaugetuma		421.7 *
					Niagaran	Kaugetuma		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Lockportian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Raikkula		439.4 *
					Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni		443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		Pirgu	445.2
					Kralodvorian						Vormsi	449.6 *
					Berounian						Vormsi	449.7 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
	Oandu										452 *
	Sandbian		Keila								Idavere †	453
			Haljala									453.9
			Haljala									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Kukruse											456.4 *
			Uhaku								Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
					Dobrotivian									458.5 *
			Lasnamagi		Dobrotivian									458.9 *
			Lasnamagi		Oretanian									459.7 *
			Aseri											460.4 *
			Aseri						Sarka †					461.7 *
			Oeland					Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
					Arenigian										468
								Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian			Hunneberg							477.7
								Varangu							481.3 *
								Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort							485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau			1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan			1375
																				1400