PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Calabrian																		0.774
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian														Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian														Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian														Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian														Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian														Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian														Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian														Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian														Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian														Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian														Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian														Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian														Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian														Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian														Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian														Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian														Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian														Jurassic 2				184.2
				Sinemurian														Jurassic 1				192.9
				Hettangian														Jurassic 1				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian														Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian														Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														Triassic 2				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														Triassic 2				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														Triassic 1				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														Triassic 1				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														Permian 4				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian														Permian 3				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														Permian 2				273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian														Permian 1				293.52
				Asselian					Kuzel									Permian 1				297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9				Kuzel
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian		Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
				Middle Famennian				365.3 *
				Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
				Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
				Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			Srbsko	Devonian 3	382.7
				Middle Givetian					383.7 *
				Early Givetian					385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian			Chotec		387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian			Chotec		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian			Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Cayugan				Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Niagaran				Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian							Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian			Silurian 1	433.4
			Telychian										436.3 *
			Aeronian										438.5
	Alexandrian												438.7 *
										Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
							Medinan		Clinton				440.1 *
													440.7 *
			Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju		Porkuni	Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian										Pirgu		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
												Vormsi		Kralodvorian		449.6 *
												Vormsi		Berounian		449.7 *
												Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
												Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †			Ordovician 4	453
												Haljala					453.9
												Haljala					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse							456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †						457.5 *
															Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														Ordovician 3			458.4
														Dobrotivian					458.5 *
												Lasnamagi		Dobrotivian					458.9 *
												Lasnamagi		Oretanian					459.7 *
												Aseri							460.4 *
												Aseri			Sarka †				461.7 *
										Oeland		Kunda							462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum						464.3 *
												Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													Ordovician 2	Klabava †				467.3
														Arenigian						468
												Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian																		470
													Latorp †							470.1 *
												Hunneberg								473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1							Hunneberg		Tremadocian		477.7
												Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5			485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan				487.5
		Jiangshanian														Sunwaptan				489.5
		Jiangshanian														Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian														Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †			Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian										Marjumian				Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan										Topazan				Cambrian 3				504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †							509
		Stage 4										Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran				Cambrian 2				514
												Montezuman								514.8 *
												Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian									538.8
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
		Tonian										Karatau									800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau									1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian									1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan									1375
																						1400