PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Silurian of England		Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America					Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †										298.9
Kasimovian				303.7						Mapingian †
Kasimovian					305.9
Moscovian					307
Bashkirian					315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
							Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
							Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
						Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
								Adavere	434 *
									436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
						Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
								Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian			Pirgu	445.2
									Richmondian				446 *
										Eastonian			449 *
												Vormsi	449.6 *
									Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
									Edenian		Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
	Gisbornian									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †		453
									Turinian	Keila				453.7 *
										Haljala				453.9
										Kukruse				456.4 *
								Whiterockian		Kukruse			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian							Uhaku					458.4
										Lasnamagi					458.9 *
										Aseri					460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
				Valaste †/Hunderum							Kunda	464.3 *
											Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian												467.3
			Castlemainian												468.5 *
									Rangerian						469.1 *
									Rangerian		Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †	Chewtonian	470
				Latorp †											Chewtonian	470.1 *
															Bendigonian	471.8 *
															Lancefieldian	473.5 *
											Hunneberg					473.7 *
								Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean								477.7
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Stairsian			Varangu					481.3 *
								Skullrockian			Varangu			Demingian †		482 *
											Pakerort					482.2 *
															Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan													485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
			Sunwaptan															487.5
		Jiangshanian	Sunwaptan															489.5
		Jiangshanian	Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian	Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran		514
			Montezuman		514.8 *
			Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					1000
		Ectasian					1200
		Calymmian					1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian					1600
		Orosirian				1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
																				4600