PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127308 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain			Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian								Villanyian	2.58
										Waipipian								Villanyian	3
																		Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean								Turolian	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian															Pannonian		7.246
																		Vallesian	8.7
									Southland	Waiauan								Vallesian	11.04
		Serravallian															Sarmatian	Astaracian	11.63
																	Badenian		12.8 *
										Lillburnian							Badenian		13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian									13.82
										Clifdenian									15.1
									Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian								Orleanian	15.98
										Otaian								Orleanian	18.7
																		Agenian	20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian									23.03
										Duntroonian									25.2
										Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
									Arnold	Runangan									34.6
										Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian									41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
										Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan									47.8
										Mangaorapan									48.9
										Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian									56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian								Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
										Mangaotanean									90.5
										Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan									93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
										Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan									100.5
										Urutawan									103.3
									Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian								Korangan									113
		Aptian		117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean			Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian			365.3 *
					Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
					Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian			383.7 *
					Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	Gleedonian		427.4
			Wych				Woolhope	Gleedonian		428.4 *
				Whitwellian				429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju					Porkuni		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu			Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Vormsi		Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
			Viru					Rakvere						450.6 *
								Rakvere			Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Oandu			Cheneyan			452 *
								Oandu			Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian						Keila					Idavere †	453
								Keila				Actonian †		453.2 *
								Haljala				Actonian †		453.9
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Kukruse							456.4 *
											Aurelucian				456.8 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
								Uhaku				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
								Lasnamagi							458.9 *
								Aseri							460.4 *
								Aseri			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Oeland					Kunda							462.9 *
								Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian														467.3
										Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
								Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian														470
													Latorp †			470.1 *
											Whitlandian					471.1 *
								Hunneberg			Whitlandian					473.7 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc				Migneintian	477.7
										Cressagian	480.8 *
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											486.3 *
																			486.5