PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of China	European Faunal Units	Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian			Tertiary †									2.58
		Piacenzian				Ruscinian												3.1 *
		Zanclean				Ruscinian												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian												5.333
		Tortonian				Turolian												7.246
		Tortonian				Vallesian												8.7
		Serravallian				Astaracian												11.63
		Langhian				Astaracian												13.82
		Burdigalian				Orleanian												15.98
		Burdigalian				Agenian												20
		Aquitanian				Agenian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein										Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein			Longtanian †							Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller										Midian	259.51
		Wordian					Leine										Midian	264.28
		Wordian					Leine										Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian															Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian															Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian															Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian															Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian															Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian															Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian													300 *
		Kasimovian	303.7		Xiaodushanian
		Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Famennian		358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian		Srbsko		382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Couvinien		Chotec		387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			Chotec		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Pragian	Coblencien		Pragian		408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Lochkovian		410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
		Katian							Gamachian		445.2
									Richmondian		446 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian			453
									Turinian			453.7 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean					477.7
									Stairsian	480.3 *
									Skullrockian	Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran	514
															Montezuman	514.8 *
															Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																		538.8