PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian		66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic		100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Zechstein					254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian						264.28
		Wordian					Urzhumian			Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
							Filipovian						276.5 *
							Filipovian			Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
							Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian					283.5
							Irginian						285.9 *
							Irginian			Rusavkinian			287.6 *
							Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian						293.52
							Uskalykian						294.8
							Surenian						297.5
				Kuzel			Surenian						297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel									298.9
				Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
					Stephanian B								300.9 *
					Stephanian A								301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Dorogomilovian			303.7
										Khamovnikian			304.8
					Cantabrian					Khamovnikian			305 *
										Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian								Myachkovian			307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D					Myachkovian			307.4 *
					Westphalian D					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Westphalian C					Podolskian			309.8
			Kashirian						311.4 *
			Vereian						313.8
			Vereian		Westphalian B				314.6
			Melekessian						314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian						315.2
			Cheremshanian						316.9 *
			Cheremshanian		Westphalian A				317 *
			Prikamian		Westphalian A				318.6 *
			Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian				318.8 *
			Severokeltmian		Yeadonian				319.9 *
			Severokeltmian		Marsdenian				320.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian				321.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian				321.5 *
			Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian				321.9 *
					Alportian				322 *
					Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Chokierian				323.2
			Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian				324 *
			Protvian						324.4 *
			Steshevian						326.8 *
			Steshevian		Pendleian				327.4 *
			Tarusian		Pendleian				329 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Venevian				330.9
					Mikhailovian				331.9 *
					Aleksinian				333.7 *
					Tulian				335.8 *
			Livian	Asbian †	Tulian				336.3 *
			Livian	Asbian †	Bobrikian				339.9 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian				340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Kosvian				346.7
					Kizelian				350.7 *
					Cherepetian				351.9 *
			Hastarian		Cherepetian				353.7 *
					Karakubian				354.4 *
					Upinian				356.3 *
					Malevkian				357.6 *
					Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian							358.9
			Middle Famennian							365.3 *
			Early Famennian							368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian							372.2
			Middle Frasnian							375.4 *
			Early Frasnian							379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian							382.7
			Middle Givetian							383.7 *
			Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian							387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian							390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian							393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian							398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian				470
							Whitlandian				471.1 *
							Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	509
		Stage 3		514							Branchian
		Stage 3		Placentian							517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8