PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Permian of North America		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Permian	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian			Nealian			Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian						Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian						Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian		323.2
		Visean						Chesterian		330.9
								Meramecian		335.8 *
								Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian						Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Middle Famennian							365.3 *
			Early Famennian							368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
			Middle Frasnian							375.4 *
			Early Frasnian							379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian						Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian							383.7 *
			Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian						Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian						Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian							412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian							415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan				487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan				489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †			497
		Drumian				Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4				Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran				514
						Montezuman				514.8 *
						Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
										538.8