PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Permian of the Salt Range	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Australia
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian										100.5
					Middle Albian										106.2 *
					Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian										113
		Aptian			Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian										139.8
					Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
					Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian										174.7
					Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
					Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian			Sevatian										208.5
					Alaunian										213.2 *
					Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian										227
		Carnian			Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian										237
		Ladinian			Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian										242
					Pelsonian										243.8 *
					Bithynian										244.7 *
					Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian										248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian										251.2
					Griesbachian										251.4 *
				Kathwai	Griesbachian										251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai											251.902
															252.4 *
				Chhidru											252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru											254.14
				Kalabagh											255 *
				Wargal											256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
															265.3 *
				Amb											266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb											266.9
		Roadian													270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Mapingian †					303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan		445.2
										Cautleyan		448.9 *
										Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
										Pusgillian		449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
										Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aurelucian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
					Arenig				Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
											Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Chewtonian		470
									Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
											Bendigonian		471.8 *
											Lancefieldian		473.5 *
									Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
					Cressagian				480.8 *
					Cressagian				Warendian		482.8 *
									Warendian		485 *
															485.4