PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic				Silurian of the Baltic
Triassic	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian													247.2
Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Dzhulfian	Zechstein											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Midian	Rotliegendes											259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Midian												264.28
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Murgabian												266.2 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Murgabian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian												273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian												279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian	Autunian											283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian												286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian			Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian									298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian									303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian									307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian									323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian									330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian														358.9
			Middle Famennian														365.3 *
			Early Famennian														368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Frasnian														375.4 *
			Early Frasnian														379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian														382.7
			Middle Givetian														383.7 *
			Early Givetian														385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian														387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian														390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian														393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian														398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian														407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian														410.8
			Middle Lochkovian														412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian														415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli															Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli															Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian														Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian														Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian														Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian														Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian														Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian														Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian														Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian														Jaani	433.4
		Telychian														Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian														Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian														Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian														Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian														Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni				443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		Pirgu				445.2
									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pirgu				449.5
													Vormsi				449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
												Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
													Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian											Keila	Idavere †			453
													Haljala				453.9
													Kukruse				456.4 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4			Uhaku
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
										Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
													Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen			Dapingian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian					470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg										473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Ungurian							Xinchangian	477.7
											Lianghekou †				477.9 *
				Varangu	481.3 *
				Pakerort	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort	Batyrbaian							485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
					Toyonian			510 *
					Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian			514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
																	525.5