PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		European Faunal Zones	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian					MN 17				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					MN 16	Villanyian			2.58
									MN 16	Ruscinian			3.1 *
									MN 15				3.2
				Zanclean					MN 15				3.6
									MN 14				4.2
									MN 13				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					MN 13	Turolian			5.333
				Tortonian					MN 12				7.246
									MN 11				7.75
									MN 10	Vallesian			8.7
									MN 9				9.7
									MN 7 + 8				11.1
				Serravallian					MN 7 + 8	Astaracian			11.63
				Serravallian					MN 6				12.8 *
				Langhian					MN 5				13.82
				Burdigalian					MN 4	Orleanian			15.98
									MN 3	Orleanian			16.9
									MN 2	Agenian			20
				Aquitanian					MN 2				20.44
				Aquitanian					MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian							251.902
				Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian							254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian					Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian						Severodvinian	259.51
Wordian				Urzhumian	264.28	Midian
Wordian				Urzhumian	Murgabian	266.2 *
Roadian				Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
Roadian				Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Kubergandian		Filipovian	276.5 *
				Bolorian		Filipovian	279.8
						Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
				Yakhtashian		Irginian	286
				Yakhtashian		Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
						Surenian		Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	Kuzel			298.9
								Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian				Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
							Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
							Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian							307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
							Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
									Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian		Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
							Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	Ivorian		346.7
							Kinderhookian	Ivorian		351.9 *
							Kinderhookian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian					365.3 *
							Early Famennian					368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
							Early Frasnian					379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian				Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian					383.7 *
							Early Givetian					385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian				Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian				Emsian				393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian				Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian				Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian				Gedinnine				410.8
			Middle Lochkovian								412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian								415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian					538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian				Karatau					800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau					1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan					1375
													1400