PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian Subages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian					0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean					2.58
				Zanclean					Yushean					3.6
				Zanclean					Baodean					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian					Tunggurian					11.1
				Serravallian					Tunggurian					11.63
				Langhian					Shanwangian					13.82
				Burdigalian					Shanwangian					15.98
				Burdigalian					Xiejiaan					16.9
				Aquitanian					Xiejiaan					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian			66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic			100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
				Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							Humphresianum	168.4
				Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
						Planulata								179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
														180.1
						Kanense								181.3 *
						Kanense						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
						Carlottense								182.3 *
						Kunae								183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Kunae						Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
						Freboldi								185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
				Sinemurian								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
				Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites						Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian						365.3 *
				Early Famennian						368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
				Early Frasnian						379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian					Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian						383.7 *
				Early Givetian						385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian						390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian						393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian						398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian						407.6
			Pragian	Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
														1400