PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2							273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7	Carboniferous 5
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
			Middle Famennian		365.3 *
			Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
			Middle Givetian		383.7 *
			Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Devonian 2	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4					453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3							458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1							529
											538.8