PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian		7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5		Sarmatian		11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Vokhmian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	Vokhmian			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
			Middle Famennian				365.3 *
			Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
			Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
			Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Devonian 2		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
								538.8