PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Bartonian												Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian													Bumbanian	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Gashatan		56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Lancian/Edmontonian								66
				Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan								72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan												145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan												150
						Heterian												154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan												164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan												176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan												184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran												188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
				Norian		Warepan												208.5
						Otamitan												217
						Oretian												221
				Carnian		Oretian												227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan												237
				Ladinian		Etalian												238
				Anisian		Etalian												242
				Anisian		Malakovian												246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian												247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian												249
				Induan		Nelsonian												251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan												251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan												251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian												253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †										254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †										254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian												259.51
Wordian				264.28		Flettian
Wordian				Barettian		266
Roadian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			Bursumian †			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian			298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian			303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian			307
			Moscovian			Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan			315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan			318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		393.3
			Pragian				Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian				Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			433.4
			Telychian				Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian								Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
	Valaste †/Hunderum										Kunda	464.3 *
											Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian								Volkhov		467.3
			Dapingian								Billingen		469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Latorp †											470.1 *
											Hunneberg	473.7 *
			Tremadocian								Hunneberg	477.7
											Varangu	481.3 *
											Pakerort	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Pakerort	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
													486.3 *
					486.5
					Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran	514
													Montezuman	514.8 *
													Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635