PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean					0.129
					Irvingtonian					0.21
							Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian								0.774
					Blancan					1.4
							Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian			3
		Zanclean					Waipipian			3.6
							Opoitian			3.7
					Hemphillian		Opoitian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian								7.246
					Clarendonian					9.4
						Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian								11.63
					Barstovian					12.5
							Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
							Clifdenian			15.1
						Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian								15.98
					Hemingfordian					16.3
					Arikareean					18.5
							Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			23.03
							Duntroonian			25.2
							Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
					Whitneyan					29.5
					Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian					33.9
						Arnold	Runangan			34.6
							Kaiatan			36.7
					Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian								37.71
							Bortonian			39.1
					Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian								41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
							Heretaungan			45.7
					Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian								47.8
							Mangaorapan			48.9
					Wasatchian		Mangaorapan			50.5
					Wasatchian		Waipawan			52
					Clarkforkian		Waipawan			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian		Teurian			56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian			Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
					Mangaotanean	90.5
					Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke		Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke		Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia		Ohauan		150
						Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi		Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour		Otapirian		201.4
		Norian				Warepan		208.5
						Otamitan		217
						Oretian		221
		Carnian				Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore		Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian				Etalian		238
		Anisian				Etalian		242
		Anisian				Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian		249
		Induan				Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		264.28
		Wordian				Barettian		266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian	Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dobrotivian						458.5 *
			Oretanian						459.7 *
					Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian						477.7
										485.4