PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean									0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean									0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean									0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean									0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian									0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian									0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan									1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian									4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian									9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian									11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian									12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
							Hemingfordian									16.3
							Arikareean									18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
							Whitneyan									29.5
							Orellan									31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian									33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean									37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean									37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan									39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan									41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian									46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian									47.8
							Wasatchian									50.5
							Clarkforkian									54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian									56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian									56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian									59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian									60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian									61.6
				Danian			Puercan									63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
					Puruhauan	Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			Urzhumian	266
			Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian	276
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
					Telfordian			Sarginian	285
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
								Burtsevian	288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
Paibian			494								Maentwrogian
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	St Davids								497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Caerfai								Branchian	509
		Stage 3									Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2										521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635