PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of France	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of North America		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian			MN 17												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16												2.58
		Piacenzian			MN 15												3.2
		Zanclean			MN 15												3.6
					MN 14												4.2
					MN 13												4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			MN 13												5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12												7.246
					MN 11												7.75
					MN 10												8.7
					MN 9												9.7
					MN 7 + 8												11.1
		Serravallian			MN 7 + 8												11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6												12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5												13.82
		Burdigalian			MN 4												15.98
					MN 3												16.9
					MN 2												20
		Aquitanian			MN 2												20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1												22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan													150
				Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
		Norian		Warepan													208.5
				Otamitan													217
				Oretian													221
		Carnian		Oretian													227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Midian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			Wordian	264.28
				Barettian				266
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Mangapirian		Kubergandian			276
						Bolorian			279.8
								Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			283.5
				Telfordian	285
					Yakhtashian	286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
									Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
									Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian					470
									Chewtonian		Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Bendigonian					471.8 *
									Lancefieldian					473.5 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian								Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
											Cressagian			480.8 *
									Warendian		Cressagian			482.8 *
									Warendian					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan						485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian						Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Waucoban †	509					Delamaran
		Stage 4		Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran					514
				Montezuman	514.8 *
				Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
																	538.8