PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of China			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian													Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian										Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian			Ruscinian										Late Pliocene		3.1 *
		Zanclean			Ruscinian										Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Turolian										Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian			Turolian												7.246
		Tortonian			Vallesian												8.7
		Serravallian			Astaracian										Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian			Astaracian										Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian			Orleanian										Early Miocene		15.98
		Burdigalian			Agenian												20
		Aquitanian			Agenian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian											MP 16		Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian											MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian											MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan													150
				Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
		Norian		Warepan													208.5
				Otamitan													217
				Oretian													221
		Carnian		Oretian													227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
		Ladinian		Etalian													238
		Anisian		Etalian													242
		Anisian		Malakovian													246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian													247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian		266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
						Vormsi						449.6 *
						Vormsi				Berounian		449.7 *
						Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
						Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian				Keila						Idavere †	453
						Haljala							453.9
						Haljala							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse									456.4 *
						Uhaku						Aluoja †			457.5 *
											Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Lasnamagi				Dobrotivian					458.9 *
						Lasnamagi				Oretanian					459.7 *
						Aseri									460.4 *
						Aseri					Sarka †				461.7 *
					Oeland	Kunda									462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
						Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian						468
						Billingen										469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian									470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg										473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian			Tremadocian						477.7
									Lianghekou †							477.9 *
						Varangu										481.3 *
						Pakerort										482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort										485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														486.3 *
																	486.5