PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian						Mangapanian		2.58
							Villanyian						Waipipian		3
							Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian					Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian											7.246
							Vallesian								8.7
							Vallesian					Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian			Astaracian						Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian		13.82
													Clifdenian		15.1
												Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian			Orleanian						Altonian		15.98
							Orleanian						Otaian		18.7
							Agenian								20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Waitakian		23.03
													Duntroonian		25.2
													Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
												Arnold	Runangan		34.6
													Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian					MP 16				Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian					MP 16				Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Bortonian		41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
													Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Heretaungan		47.8
													Mangaorapan		48.9
													Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Teurian		56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	66
				Campanian									Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
													Mangaotanean		90.5
													Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan		93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
													Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan	Gallic	100.5
													Urutawan		103.3
												Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian									Korangan		113
				Aptian											117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				Neocomian	125.77
Valanginian					132.6
Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan						145
			Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan						150
					Heterian						154.5
			Oxfordian								154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
			Callovian		Temaikan						164.3
			Bathonian								165.3
			Bajocian								168.2
			Aalenian								170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan						176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan						184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran						188.9
			Sinemurian								192.9
			Hettangian								199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
			Norian		Warepan						208.5
					Otamitan						217
					Oretian						221
			Carnian		Oretian						227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan						237
			Ladinian		Etalian						238
			Anisian		Etalian						242
			Anisian		Malakovian						246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
			Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		266
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
			Pragian				Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian			Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan			Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4			Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3			Dyeran			514
						Montezuman			514.8 *
						Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
															1400